[Itech] Fwd: TP Msg. #1630 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
Teresa Franklin
franklit at ohio.edu
Mon Mar 19 17:14:05 EDT 2018
Hello Graduates:
Very good information for you to follow as you write your papers, thesis or
dissertation!
Best wishes,
Dr. Teresa Franklin
"A teacher affects eternity; [she]he can never tell where the influence
stops." - Henry Adams
Dr. Teresa Franklin
Professor Emerita, Educational Studies-Instructional Technology
CAEP 2015-2017
Fulbright Research Scholar to Turkey 2013-14
Department of Educational Studies
The Gladys W. and David H. Patton College of Education
Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
740-541-8847 (cell/office)
also: franklinteresa at gmail.com
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Rick Reis <reis at stanford.edu>
Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 10:43 AM
Subject: TP Msg. #1630 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
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*Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you
continue to contribute to the scholarly conversation in your field.*
1630
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
[image: Prof. Rick Reis]
Folks:
The posting looks at errors that typically lead to plagiarism and how to
avoid them. The article is from the November 14, 2017 issue of the online
publication, *Graduate Connections Newsletter* [ http://www.unl.
edu/gradstudies/current/news/articles ], from the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln and is published by the Office of Graduate Studies. ©2017
Graduate Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. All rights reserved.
Reprinted with permission.
Regards
Rick Reis
reis at stanford.edu
UP NEXT: The Sound of Silence
Tomorrow’s Research
---------- 1,080 words ----------
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
In our increasingly digital world, data and writing are easy to find and
access. It's also usually easy to discover who created or posted the works.
Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you
continue to contribute to the scholarly conversation in your field.
Plagiarism Defined
Sometimes, students may believe that if they're not directly copying
another’s work that they're not committing plagiarism. However, the UNL Student
Code of Conduct <http://go.unl.edu/conduct> defines plagiarism more
broadly, defining it as:
“presenting the work of another as one’s own (i.e. without proper
acknowledgement of the source) and submitting examinations, theses,
reports, speeches, drawings, laboratory notes, or other academic work in
whole or in part as one’s own when such work has been prepared by another
person or copied from another person. Materials covered by this prohibition
include, but are not limited to, text, video, audio, images, photographs,
websites, electronic and online materials, and other intellectual
property.” (University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 2014).
The most frequent errors that lead to plagiarism include
- *Not citing when you use ideas or information from another’s work.* It's
easy to overlook the contributing work that was foundational to your
research but wasn’t directly quoted in your writings. If there was work
previously done—or was related to—your topic, you should include them in
your work and cite them!
- *Improper paraphrasing.* Paraphrasing is more than changing a few
words in the sentence so it’s "not a direct quote." Typically, paraphrasing
is putting the thought or idea into your own words. This also may be done
to combine several authors’ similar thoughts into one. In either of these
cases, you should still cite the author’s work used. The Office of Graduate
Studies website has examples of paraphrasing
<https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism>—correct
and incorrect (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.).
- *Not crediting the source of graphics or data.* You should never use a
graphic (chart, table, or figure) or data that someone else has created
without first getting permission to do so and then citing the source from
which you pulled the graphic or data. If an image is shared through a
Creative Commons license, you should also be able to cite the Creative
Commons license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/> (e.g. "CC
BY-NC-ND 2.0"). This guideline also applies to your own research that has
been published. You must get the approval of the journal in which it was
published to use it again in another document.
- *Not citing something that is not common knowledge* The only exception
to citing information gained from another source is if that information is
considered common knowledge (e.g., Washington, D.C. is the capital of the
United States). Common knowledge includes "facts that can be found in many
places and are likely to be known by many people," however interpretations
of those facts do need to be cited (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.). If
you are not sure if something counts as common knowledge, cite it anyway.
It’s always better to cite something when you are not sure if you should.
Having a few too many citations is always preferable to having too few.
Why Plagiarism Matters
First, writing in your own words indicates that you can produce unique
ideas and thoughts. Properly citing the works of others indicates that you
can effectively understand and develop new ideas based on previous work and
research. Both skills are essential for academia and many other careers.
Avoiding plagiarism is also a key part of academic integrity. This
demonstrates respect for the work of others. It indicates how ethically
you’ll behave as a researcher or professional. Depending on the severity,
it is not uncommon for instances of plagiarism to result in academic
suspension or expulsion. Significant enough cases have also been known to
result in people losing their jobs or derailing their professional career.
Resources and Tools
There are many tools available on the internet for authors to use to check
for plagiarism. If you choose to use them, you should investigate the
reliability of their processes by trying to find reviews.
One of the best ways to make sure that you avoid plagiarizing work is to
create a citation while working on your document. The UNL Libraries offer four
different citation tools available for students and faculty.
<https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-tools> If you are unsure about which
one would work best for you, the UNL Libraries has created a comparison
chart <https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-managers-tool-comparison-chart> to
help you decide which one may work best for you.
Use one of the following online tools, available through the Libraries
website, that will analyze written works for plagiarism.
- Turnitin
You can request an invitation to the Libraries' Turnitin course
available through Canvas. Turnitin is a text-matching tool which checks
electronically submitted papers against over 60 billion web pages, 600
million student papers, and 130 million academic journal articles. The
software provides an originality report in which matching text is
underlined, color coded, and linked to the original source. While many
professors require students to use Turnitin for class assignments, this
library based course is independent and allows students to submit and
review their papers from the privacy of their own computer prior to
submitting for their classes.
- iThenticate:
The UNL Libraries are piloting this software used by publishers to check
citations listed in submitted articles prior to publication. Students can
request a mediated consultation on any project where they are
listed as *sole
or first author.*
For more information on these two services please visit the Citation and
Plagiarism tools <https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-plagiarism-tools> page
at the Libraries website.
Additional Resources Tutorials
The University Libraries have produced a series of tutorials aimed at
helping students get the most out of their library experience. These
tutorials can be added to courses via the Canvas Commons or taken
independently from the Libraries homepage
<https://unl.libguides.com/LibraryTutorials>
Library Staff
Not sure where to start? AskUs! <https://libraries.unl.edu/askus-1> for
help via chat, email, text or telephone. Every department on campus
has a Subject
Librarian <https://libraries.unl.edu/subject-specialties> assigned to help
with research, information literacy instruction, or the creation of
research assignments.
Summary
It's important that your work has your “voice” in the writing. Using
others’ ideas and information is a great foundation to your research, but
you need to make sure to include your own voice and insights in your
writing. Proper citing of others’ work shows how your work builds on the
work of prior researchers. As a writer of the document, checking your
writing to make sure you have properly cited throughout your writing should
always be among the final steps taken before submission to a publisher.
References
University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (2014) *Student Code of Conduct.* Retrieved
from https://stuafs.unl.edu/student-code-of-conduct.
Office of Graduate Studies (n.d.). *Academic Integrity.* Retrieved from
https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism
*Thank you to the University Libraries staff for their contribution to this
article.*
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