[Itech] Fwd: TP Msg. #1128 Learning to Write READY

[Teresa Franklin]

Graduates,

We all experience writer's block at one time or another -- this article may
help! :)

Dr. Franklin

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Rick Reis <reis at stanford.edu>
Date: Thu, Oct 20, 2011 at 9:53 PM
Subject: TP Msg. #1128 Learning to Write READY
To: tomorrows-professor <tomorrows-professor at lists.stanford.edu>


An Internet search of educational Web sites using the keywords "writer's
block" produced over fifty-two thousand entries. All writers at one time or
another become blocked. Over half of all doctoral candidates end up ABD (all
but dissertation) largely because of writer's block (Flaherty, 2004).

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Folks:

The posting below gives some good, basic, pointers on writing well.  It is
from Chapter 3, Learning to Write: Wisdom from Emerging Scholars, by Claire
Kostopulos Nackoney, Sunny L. Munn, and Jesus Fernandez, in the book, The
Handbook of Scholarly Writing and Publishing, Tonette S. Rocco and Tim
Hatcher, editors. Published by Jossey-Bass: A Wiley Imprint. 989 Market
Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-174 www.josseybass.com
Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Regards,

Rick Reis
reis at stanford.edu
UP NEXT: Ten Reasons College Administrators Should Support Small Group
Instruction

Tomorrow's Teaching and Learning

-------------------------------- 1,360
words---------------------------------

Learning to Write: Wisdom from Emerging Scholars


Building Writing Skills

Good writing is not an innate skill. Building writing skills is a
multifaceted process that requires practice and dedication and goes beyond
learning correct grammar and punctuation. It includes giving and receiving
meaningful constructive criticism, finding time to write, and overcoming
obstacles that may prevent you from writing effectively (for example,
writer's block and voice issues).

Give and Receive Constructive Criticism

Writing is an iterative process requiring many drafts, reviews, and
revisions. Allowing yourself to fully engage in giving and receiving
constructive feedback can strengthen your writing (Nielsen & Rocco, 2002).
Formal and informal peer reviews are a collaborative process (Reither &
Vipond, 1989) in which writers receive constructive criticism from their
peers. The intent of constructive criticism is to illuminate unclear areas,
provide alternative viewpoints, and offer suggestions for improvement. Being
critiqued, however, can be intimidating because writing is such a personal
activity (Nackoney et al., 2007; Nielsen & Rocco, 2002). Despite the anguish
that some writers experience through peer review, a group of doctoral
students taking a scholarly writing class cited constructive criticism "as
the most influential element in helping them to understand the scholarly
writing process and [produce] a scholarly product" (Caffarella & Barnett,
2000, p. 48).

When providing constructive criticism, students often focus on technical
issues such as grammar and punctuation flaws (Rocco, Parsons, Bernier, &
Batist, 2003). Although this feedback is helpful, peer review should also
provide a thoughtful critique of content and offer insightful examples. The
goal should be to help the author improve. Some people are more skilled at
providing feedback than others. Therefore, when you are receiving
constructive criticism, remember that the reviewer's comments are not meant
to be a personal attack. Also, just because the reviewer offers feedback
does not mean you must act on it. Critically reflect on the reviewer's
comments and incorporate feedback into your writing as you see fit. However,
if criticism is from conference or journal reviewers, be sure to explain in
the letter to the editor why you did not incorporate suggestions if you
chose not to. Also, remember that if more than one person offers similar
criticism, chances are that something in the manuscript is unclear and needs
to be revised.

Establishing your own peer group to review each other's manuscripts is a
good way to improve feedback skills. As a master's student, one of us and
two of her peers began an informal writing group for reviewing each other's
research papers, becoming more proficient with this process. She continues
this process today even though all three are in different fields at
different universities.

Find Time to Write

In an ideal world, we would prefer to have large blocks of time to work on
projects. However, this is not always possible. We therefore have to look
for pockets of time to write. You can be structured or unstructured with
your time. Sometimes the most opportune times are the easiest to overlook,
such as using commuting time to write, read, take notes, and edit
manuscripts. Some people find small pockets of time ineffective for
productive writing and use them for relaxing and processing thoughts.

Creating a broad or narrow plan for completing writing projects is also an
effective tool to stay motivated and focused. Sometimes, however, creating
and perfecting the plan can inhibit your actual progress. In other words,
you can become so fixated on the plan that you fail to write. Even the best
plan cannot always resolve competing priorities. So if writing is a
priority, something you may find helpful is scheduling writing time as you
would schedule other appointments and meetings and then honoring your
commitment to write.

Manage Writer's Block

An Internet search of educational Web sites using the keywords "writer's
block" produced over fifty-two thousand entries. All writers at one time or
another become blocked. Over half of all doctoral candidates end up ABD (all
but dissertation) largely because of writer's block (Flaherty, 2004).

Preparing a scholarly manuscript is somewhat like putting together a jigsaw
puzzle. A few pieces might easily snap into place. However, when your
manuscript does not take shape quickly, you may become overwhelmed,
frustrated, and blocked. The more you try, the more difficult it becomes,
creating confusion, anxiety, and self-doubt.

It is a good idea at that point to set a troublesome project aside. Relaxing
or changing direction sometimes allows you to gain perspective on that
manuscript. Unexpectedly, another piece might snap into place, and you
resume writing. More blocked moments may occur in the weeks that come, but
with patience and persistence, you complete the manuscript. As for those
extra pieces, they provide the stimulus for another manuscript.

Sometimes writer's block occurs because we are burned out or have read too
much and experience information overload. Another common cause of writer's
block is the inner critic (Boice, 1993). Each of us has an inner critic
ready to criticize every word or sentence. If we give in, a block is likely
to follow. Other common causes of writer's block are low self-confidence
(Roberts, 2004), fear of failure or rejection (Boice, 1993), and
perfectionism (Boice, 1993; Roberts, 2004).

Mind mapping (Germov, 2000) and freewriting (Elbow, 1998; Wahlstrom, 2006)
are helpful for eliminating writer's block because they allow you to write
in a nonjudgmental, natural way. Elbow and Wahlstrom both recommended
freewriting in fifteen-minute slots to overcome writer's block. It does not
matter what you write; what matters is that you are writing. This daily
exercise often results in breakthroughs and movement toward finishing the
manuscript.

Another helpful technique is talking through your ideas aloud. Conversing
with others can help overcome your feeling of being incapable of thinking of
anything meaningful to write. A recorder can be used to capture your
thoughts in a manner similar to freewriting. This material can then be
incorporated into the manuscript.

Writer's block also occurs when we are stressed and tired and when our goals
or expectations are unrealistic (Boice, 1993; Roberts, 2004). You might
intend to spend two or three hours at night writing, but after a ten-hour
workday, this may be unrealistic. It is important to nourish your mind and
body through sleep, exercise, and healthy eating. Write when you are most
alert and can think clearly. One of us writes more clearly first thing in
the morning and programs half an hour to write before heading to the office.

Express Your Scholarly Voice

Students often mimic academic writers rather than express their own voices
(Rocco et al., 2003). Voice refers to the way we reveal ourselves to others
when we write (Richards & Miller, 2005). Difficulties expressing one's voice
are evident in manuscripts where the author has used direct quotes
excessively or has excessively paraphrased others' work (Rankin, 2001;
Roberts, 2004) without critically reflecting on content or developing a
solid argument that will add something new to the knowledge base.

As emerging scholars, we might fall victim to the impostor phenomenon.
Originally used to describe feelings of inadequacy in high-achieving women
(Clance & Imes, 1978), this phenomenon also describes the fear of failure
that many emerging scholars wrestle with that can sabotage their success.
The inner critic that contributes to writer's block can incapacitate us to
the point where we convince ourselves that we are not worthy, experienced,
or knowledgeable enough to participate in scholarly conversations. If we
give in, we might find ourselves sitting on the sidelines, watching and
listening, but not fully engaging with other scholars (Nackoney et al.,
2007). Becoming scholars, however, requires that we exorcise the graduate
student within each of us, "the self-assured yet hesitant, assertive yet
deferential and conflicted self that emerges whenever we find ourselves
paying less attention to what we're saying than to how it will be received"
(Rankin, 2001, p. 61). As emerging scholars, we must trust ourselves and
believe that we are capable and worthy of participating in scholarly
conversations (Richards & Miller, 2005; Rocco et al., 2003).

Being scholars means approaching everything with curiosity, continuously
questioning what we read, making new connections, and looking for gaps in
the knowledge base. If what has already been written and published could
never be challenged, eventually the scholarly flame would be extinguished.

REFERENCES

Boice, R. (1993). Writing blocks and tacit knowledge. Journal of Higher
Education, 64(1), 19-54.

Caffarella, R. S., & Barnett, B. G. (2000) Teaching doctoral students to
become scholarly writers: The importance of giving and receiving critiques.
Studies in Higher Education, 25(1), 39-52.

Elbow, P. (1998) Writing with power: Techniques for mastering the writing
process (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Flaherty, A. W. (2004). The midnight disease: The drive to write, writer's
block, and the creative brain. Boston: Mariner Books.

Germov, J. (2000). Get great marks for your essay (2nd ed.). Crown Nest,
Australia: Allen & Unwin.

Nackoney, C. K., Munn, S. L., & Gallagher, S. J. (2007). Becoming scholarly
writers: An autoethnography of three emerging scholars. In L. Servage & T.
Fenwick (Eds.), Proceedings of the 48th Adult Education Research Conference
(pp. 445-450). Halifax, Nova Scotia: Mount St. Vincent University.

Nielsen, S., & Rocco, T. S. (2002, April) Joining the conversation: Graduate
students' perceptions of writing for publication. In S. Neilsen & T. S.
Rocco (Eds.), Appreciating scholarship: Proceedings of the First Annual
College of Education Conference (pp. 75-80). Miami: Florida International
University.

Rankin, E. (2001). The work of writing: Insights and strategies for
academics and professionals. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Reither, J. A., & Vipond, D. (1989). Writing as collaboration. College
English, 51(8), 855-867.

Richards, J. C., & Miller, S. K. (2005). Doing academic writing in
education: Connecting the personal and the professional. Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum.

Roberts, C. M. (2004). The dissertation journey: A practical and
comprehensive guide to planning, writing, and defending your dissertation.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rocco, T. S., Parsons, M., Bernier, J. D., & Batist, C. (2003, October).
Guiding the work of writing: Reflections on the writing process. In T. Ferro
& G. Dean (Eds.), Proceedings of the Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference
in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education (pp. 174-180). Columbus: Ohio
State University.


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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Dr. Teresa Franklin
Professor, Instructional Technology
Instructional Technology Program Coordinator
Dept. Educational Studies
Gladys W. & David H. Patton College of Education and Human Services
Ohio University
Athens, OH 45701
740-593-4561 (office)
740-593-0477 (fax)
also: franklinteresa at gmail.com

*Pray as if everything depends on God; Work as if everything depends on You.
~ Saint Augustine, 3rd Century*
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