[CPN] Some thoughts on how to address the Cellinese et al. species proposal

[Cantino, Philip]

CPN members,
In considering the Cellinese et al. proposal, I think it is important to separate philosophical considerations from practical ones.  The philosophical premise underlying their proposal is stated in their second paragraph:  “The debate over species concepts does not need to be solved for the purpose of naming clades under the PhyloCode.  Phylogenetic nomenclature can and should remain logically independent from the philosophical debate about species.  Therefore, the PhyloCode need not and should not anoint any particular species concept as the correct one. “  They conclude in the next sentence that “by leaving the word ‘species’ out of the entire document it will be clear that the PhyloCode is available to all systematists regardless of their views on the nature of species.”
I am sympathetic to their premise that because the PhyloCode focuses strictly on the naming of clades, it should not adopt a particular stance on the nature of species, but I strongly disagree that the word “species” should be banished from the code.  Doing so would ignore the reality that the vast majority of biologists (I’d wager 99.9%), not to mention most of the general public, use species names and will continue to do so regardless what they think a species is.  If we want the systematics community to use the PhyloCode, we need to make it possible for people to define clade names using the entities they are most familiar with (species) and to combine species names with PhyloCode-governed clade names in scientific works and in the classroom.  If people have to choose between using species names and using the PhyloCode, our effort is doomed.
There are certain parts of the Cellinese et al. proposal that I consider to be non-starters, most seriously the elimination of Art. 10.9 (see my previous message), but we may be able to address their philosophical concern with relatively few changes if we broaden the definition of “species” used in the code to encompass the breadth of views on this subject but continue to use the word “species” (defined in this way) in the rules and recommendations.  I discussed this idea today with Kevin and we jointly prepared the following possible definition (written in the form that it would appear in the glossary), which does not endorse any particular species concept:
species.  A taxonomic unit that is variably conceptualized as a kind of biological entity different from a clade or simply a taxon of low rank in traditional nomenclature.  This code does not endorse any species concept nor provide rules for defining species names, but it uses species names governed by the rank-based codes to refer to taxa that are used as specifiers in definitions of clade names.  Article 21 provides guidelines for the use of species names governed by the rank-based codes in conjunction with clade names governed by this code.
With this definition in mind, I have started working through the Cellinese et al. species proposal article by article.  I will send the result to the CPN next week, but if some of you feel this approach is not viable, please let me know soon so I don't waste a lot of time working out the details.

Have a good weekend everyone!

Phil
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